Fig. 3: Complete biosynthetic pathway for the production of sanguinarine in yeast. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Complete biosynthetic pathway for the production of sanguinarine in yeast.

From: Intein-mediated temperature control for complete biosynthesis of sanguinarine and its halogenated derivatives in yeast

Fig. 3

Endogenous genes are depicted in black, while heterologous genes are shown in orange. Within the pathway, SAM-dependent methyltransferases, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and flavoprotein oxidases are highlighted in green, magenta, and blue, respectively. The pathway starts from the shikimate pathway intermediate, tyrosine, and involves the introduction of a total of 17 heterologous genes, including CPR1 and CYB5, to achieve de novo biosynthesis of sanguinarine. Abbreviations not already defined in the text are as follows: 4-HPP, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate; l-DOPA, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; CYP76AD5, tyrosine hydroxylase; DODC, DOPA decarboxylase; TYDC, tyrosine decarboxylase; NCS, norcoclaurine synthase; 6OMT, norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase; CNMT, coclaurine N-methyltransferase; NMCH, N-methylcoclaurine 3’-hydroxylase isozyme 2; 4’OMT, 3’-hydroxy-N-methyl-coclaurine 4’-O-methyltransferase 2; BBE, reticuline oxidase; CFS, cheilanthifoline synthase; STS, stylopine synthase; TNMT, tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase; MSH, methyltetrahydroprotoberberine 14-monooxygenase; P6H, protopine hydroxylase; DBOX, dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase.

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