Fig. 4: PIC calculation results (EPOCH2D version 4.18.0).
From: All-optical steering on the proton emission in laser-induced nanoplasmas
a–e The instantaneous distributions of protons generated from surface H2O molecular ionizations in gold nanoparticles (d = 100 nm) at 25, 30, 35, 40 and 80 fs in the real space, respectively. The excitation laser parameters are center wavelength 400 nm, peak intensity 100 TW cm−2, and pulse duration 30 fs (full width at half maximum). The black and the red arrows in (a) indicate the laser propagation and polarization directions, respectively. f–i Averaged distributions of the enhanced electric field around the nanoparticle for the period of 24–26 fs, 29–31 fs, 34–36 fs and 39–41 fs. j Calculated far-field momentum distributions for protons. The data were interpolated and smoothed due to the large difference in scale between the initial and final states. Inserted is the corresponding experimental single-shot data.
