Fig. 1: In-vivo stability of blaNDM-5-IncX3 plasmid positive E. coli 3R and 8R and transfer of blaNDM-5-IncX3 to microbiota commensal strains.
a Outline of the experimental design illustrating time (days) of inoculum and sample collection of 3R and 3R plus amoxicillin. Black circle indicated strain 3R and white circle indicated time of sampling cecum. The pink highlighted line indicates that chickens in this group were not only orally administered the 3R strains but also treated with amoxicillin. b Cecum abundance (cfu/g) over time (days). Black boxes indicated no antibiotic and red boxes indicated the addition of amoxicillin. “Transfer” with white box indicated transfer of the blaNDM-5 gene into chicken commensal strains. DTL indicated the detection line. Lines are medians, boxes cover the 25th to 75th percentiles, and whiskers show the range; n = 4 biologically independent replicates. c Outline of experimental design illustrating time (days) of inoculum and sample collection of placebo group (white circle), 3R (black circle), and 8R (blue circle). d Cecum abundance (cfu/g) of 3R (black column) and 8R (blue column) over time (days). n = 4 biologically independent replicates examined over three independent experiments. e Abundance of blaNDM genes in cecum of 3R (black line) and 8R (blue line) strains without amoxicillin treatment over time (days). Data are means ± SEM; n = 4 biologically independent replicates. f Abundance of blaNDM-5-positive total strains without amoxicillin treatment over time (days). Dotted lines represent the abundance of transfer of plasmids from 3R (black line) and 8R (blue line) to cecum commensal strains. Data are means ± SEM; n = 4 biologically independent replicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
