Fig. 5: SpinMed restores peripheral nerve morphology and function in rodents.

a, b Schematic illustration of gait evaluation (a, top panel), representative images of footprints (a, bottom panel), and quantification of sciatic function index (n = 5) (b). Panel a and b were created with BioRender.com and released under CC BY-NC-ND. c–e Representative electromyographic patterns detected in each group (n = 5) (c) and quantitative analysis of nerve conduction velocity (d) and CMAP amplitude recovery index (e). f–h Representative TEM images of regenerative nerve tissue (transverse view, left panel) and zoom-in images (right panel) from various groups (n = 8) (f). g, h Quantification of parameters for the nerve ultrastructural analysis, including the axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness, shown by the g-ratio (g), and linear regression of the g-ratio and axon diameter (n = 8) (h). i Representative immunofluorescence images of Nestin and GFAP expression in the spinal cord (L5) (n = 5). j, k Gross view of gastrocnemius harvested from various groups (n = 5) (j) and quantification of gastrocnemius wet weight compared to contralateral counterpart (k). CMAP, compound muscle action potential. Mean values are shown and error bars represent ± s.d., as analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests in b, d, e, g, h and k.