Fig. 1: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling of NanoSTING reveals prolonged delivery of cGAMP and induction of ISGs in the nasal compartment of mice.
From: An intranasal nanoparticle STING agonist protects against respiratory viruses in animal models
A Overall schematic for the synthesis of NanoSTING and intranasal delivery of NanoSTING to mice. Groups of 3–12 BALB/c mice were treated with single doses of NanoSTING (10 µg, 20 µg, or 40 µg) and we euthanized subsets at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h followed by collection of blood, nasal turbinates, and lungs. cGAMP ELISA, IFN-β ELISA, CXCL10 ELISA, and qRT-PCR (nasal turbinates) were the primary readouts. B, C ELISA quantification of cGAMP in the nasal turbinates and lungs of mice after treatment with NanoSTING. D–L Fold change in gene expression for NanoSTING-treated (40 µg in green, 20 µg in red, and 10 µg in blue) mice and control mice were quantified using RNA extracted from nasal turbinates by qRT-PCR (Primer sequences are provided in Supplementary Table 2). M Quantification of IFN-β concentration in mouse nasal tissue using quantitative ELISA. N, O Quantification of CXCL10 levels in mouse nasal tissue and lungs using quantitative ELISA. Individual data points represent independent biological replicates taken from separate animals; vertical bars show mean values with error bars representing SEM. Each dot represents an individual mouse. P-values were calculated by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test for (B–O) ****p < 0.0001; ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; ns not significant. Data presented as combined results from (B–O) one independent animal experiment. Gender was not tested as a variable, and only female mice were included in the study. See also Supplementary Figs. 1–3 and Supplementary Table 2. Color codes: 40 µg NanoSTING (green), 20 µg NanoSTING (red), 10 µg NanoSTING (blue) and Control (black). A Created with BioRender.com released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en). Number of animals used: n = 3–12/group. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
