Fig. 10: NanoSTING activates innate immunity in upper airways in Rhesus macaques.
From: An intranasal nanoparticle STING agonist protects against respiratory viruses in animal models
A Experimental set up: We administered one group (n = 4/group) of Rhesus macaques (RM’s) with two doses of NanoSTING (0.1 mg/kg-range: 0.06–0.14 mg/kg) administered intranasally on day 0 and day 2, and we monitored the animals until day 4 for changes in body weight, body temperature, and nasal area temperature. We euthanized one of the animals on day 4 to assess the histopathological changes in the lungs and trachea. B Percent body weight change for the RM’s at indicated time intervals. C Body temperature change for RM’s at indicated time intervals. D Monitoring of nasal area temperature pre and post-nasal wash collection/NanoSTING treatment. E Quantification of CXCL10 levels in the nasal wash of animals using quantitative ELISA. F, G Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) images of the lungs and trachea of RM’s treated with two doses of NanoSTING (0.1 mg/kg-range: 0.06–0.14 mg/kg); all images were acquired at 2×; scale bar, 100 µm. For (B, C, D), the analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test. For (E), we performed Mann–Whitney U-test. Individual data points represent independent biological replicates taken from separate animals. Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U-test ****p < 0.0001; ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; ns not significant. Data presented as combined results from one (B–G) independent animal experiment. 3 female and 1 male RM’s were taken for the study. See also Supplementary Figs. 15 and 16. A-Created with BioRender.com released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en). Number of animals: n = 4/group Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
