Fig. 2: Room temperature, natural abundance ¹³C as well as ¹⁹F DNP enhanced NMR spectra of small molecules.

a E-2-hexenyl acetate 6 (c ≈ 500 mM, in CCl₄), DNP red, 128 scans, Boltzmann blue, 1024 scans. b NMR spectrum of an inhibitor of the adenyl cyclase 1 (AC1) 7 (c(PA) ≈ 100 mM, in C₆H₆). DNP red, 2048 scans, Boltzmann blue, 11916 scans. Spectra scaled to the same SNR. DNP enhancements ε are given as red numbers. c, d DNP enhancements ε of selected natural products and pharmaceutical compounds, from left to right: phenylacetaldehyde 8, guaiazulene 9, mitotane 10, amiodarone HCl 11, and sodium diatrizoate 12 (spectra in Supplementary Figs. 8, 9). All ¹³C measurements were performed with inverse-gated ¹H decoupling and with 25–100 mM TEMPONE-¹⁵N-d₁₆. e ¹⁹F DNP NMR spectra of fluorobenzene 13 and α,α,α-trifluorotoluene 14 (DNP 4 scans, Boltzmann 4 scans) in CCl₄. f ¹⁹F DNP enhancements from left to right: diethyl fluoromalonate 15, decafluoropentane 16, and flutamide 17, all samples doped with 25 mM galvinoxyl in CCl₄. For 17, the solvent was CCl₄/DMSO. MW power adjusted to solvent polarity (P_MW ≈ 40–50) and gated for aqueous samples (“Methods”). Errors of enhancements ε are estimated between 10 and 25%. Source data are provided as a Source Data file⁶⁰.