Fig. 1: Schematic overview of the experimental procedure.

a Fabrication of polydiacetylene (PDA) particles using the co-flow microfluidic method. The inner phase consists of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) monomers dissolved in chloroform, and the outer phase is an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. The magnified region on the left shows the generation of oil-phase PCDA droplets at the inlet orifice. After collection, the PCDA droplets are dried by solvent evaporation, followed by photopolymerization under 254 nm UV exposure. b Operation of the single particle mechano-fluorescence (FL) sensor system showing silica nanoparticles (SNPs) bombardment on a captured PDA particle in a stenotic vessel-mimicking microchannel and the subsequent blue-to-red transition of stressed portions. The color bar denotes the residence time of SNPs within the channel. c Formation of blue-colored PDA from self-assembled diacetylene (DA) monomers and subsequent blue-to-red color transition and FL emission of the PDA particle under external stimuli.