Fig. 3: Evaluation of the mechano-FL sensor system.
a–d Normalized mean FL intensities of the PDA particles as a function of suction rate (a), injection rate (b), glycerin concentration (c), and SNP concentration (d). In each case, parameters were 4.5 min injection time, 25 mL·min–1 injection rate, and 5 mL·min–1 suction rate, except when used as variables. e SEM image of a PDA particle after SNPs bombardment for 4.5 min and the inset is the corresponding confocal fluorescence microscopic image. f, g Magnified SEM images of the regions indicated by the yellow (f) and green (g) dashed boxes of the image in panel (e). h FL emissions of PDA particles under the given experimental conditions depending on flow injection time. The injection and suction rates were 25 mL·min–1 and 5 mL·min–1, respectively. The injection time refers to the period of a PDA particle exposed to fluid flows for a given time. The data points and error bars in panels (a–d) and h indicate the mean FL intensity values and standard deviations from at least three independent experiments, respectively.
