Fig. 1: Evolution of operando XANES and EXAFS spectra for Cu-N-C electrocatalysts under static and pulsed CO2RR. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Evolution of operando XANES and EXAFS spectra for Cu-N-C electrocatalysts under static and pulsed CO2RR.

From: Reversible metal cluster formation on Nitrogen-doped carbon controlling electrocatalyst particle size with subnanometer accuracy

Fig. 1

Cu K-edge XANES (a) and Fourier-transformed (FT) EXAFS spectra (b) for Cu-N-C during the first 400 s of CO2RR in 0.1 M KHCO3 under static − 1.35 V potential. The inset in (a) shows a structure model of the Cu single sites in the as-prepared catalyst30, visualized with VESTA software52. Evolution of FT-EXAFS (c, e) and XANES (d) spectra during pulsed CO2RR with Ec = − 1.35 V, Ea = 0.44 V and Δta = Δtc = 30 s. c, d Changes in the catalyst during the first 200 s under pulsed CO2RR. e Changes in the catalyst during the first 1400 s under pulsed CO2RR. Black dashed lines in (b, c, e) – EXAFS data fitting results. Vertical dotted lines in (b, c, e) mark the positions of the main FT-EXAFS features corresponding to the bonds between singly dispersed Cu sites and their nearest neighbors (blue line), and the Cu-Cu bonds in metallic Cu clusters (red line). Depicted spectra are averages over 20 s (a, b), 6 s (c, d) or 60 s (e).

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