Fig. 2: Seasonal cycles of phytoplankton biomass across regions of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Location of regions with coherent chlorophyll-a (Chl-a; mg m−3) seasonal cycles stemming from the hierarchical clustering analysis and smoothed mean seasonal cycle during the full observation period (1998–2022; solid lines), 2001–2010 (lines with squares), and 2011–2020 (lines with circles) for each region. a DRA. b BRS. c WEDN. d GES. e WEDS. a–e The yellow, green, grey, blue, and red background shades represent the mean of the seasonal cycle ± the standard deviation for each region, respectively.