Fig. 3: Satellite and in-situ phytoplankton biomass increasing trends in the West Antarctic Peninsula.

a Calculated change in satellite-derived chlorophyll-a per year (mg m−3 year−1) (September-April) along the Antarctic Peninsula between 1998-2022. Oblique black lines represent the areas with statistically significant changes (p value < 0.05; Spearman’s rank correlation test). b Mean September-April in-situ chlorophyll-a (mg m−3) during the period 1998–2020 for the regions BRS (squares) and GES (circles). Dashed lines represent the statistically significant linear regression with a two-sided null hypothesis (N = 23; BRS: Pearson R = 0.58, p value = 0.0043; GES: Pearson R = 0.64, p value = 0.0026). Other regions were not included due to their low number of in-situ samples.