Fig. 4: Reverse learning drives fast switch of decision and value representation. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Reverse learning drives fast switch of decision and value representation.

From: Anterior cingulate cortex provides the neural substrates for feedback-driven iteration of decision and value representation

Fig. 4

a Scheme showing stimulus-outcome contingency reversal. b Mean response to 3 kHz and 12 kHz tones of each neuron in the Stable and Reversal sessions. c Top: Example behavior performance in the Reversal session. Bottom: licking probability in the Stable session and the Reversal session. d Mean population response to 3 kHz tone. e Left, average population responses to no-go stimulus following FA trials (red, post FA) and following other trials (black, post non-FA). Right, the FA rate of trials following FA or non-FA trials. f Correlation of 3 kHz responses. g Trial-averaged neuronal responses to air puff in early and late periods. Air-puff evoked response in the early and late periods in all neurons (h) and identified outcome monitoring neurons (i). Inset: Population-averaged Ca2+ response (mean ± s.e.m.). j–l Similar to g–i, but analysis for the no-go cue evoked response. m Venn diagram of the number of functional neurons in the Reversal session. n Venn diagram of the number of functional neurons identified in the Uncertain and Reversal sessions. Note that 56 neurons recorded in the Uncertain session could not be tracked in the Reversal session. o Left: schematic of the SARSA model. Right: average learning rate of the value iteration of the 3 kHz tone. **P < 10−2, ***P < 10−3. Data analyzed by (c, n = 5 mice) two-sided one-way repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnett’s comparisons (comparing to Stable session), (d, n = 493 neurons from 5 mice) two-sided Friedman test with post-hoc Bonferroni comparisons, (e, n = 5 mice) two-sided paired t-test, (h, k: n = 493 neurons; i, n = 167 neurons; l, n = 281 neurons, from 5 mice) two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test, or (o: n = 5 mice) two-sided one-way repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s comparisons. Data are presented as (c, e, o) mean ± s.e.m. or (d, h, i, k, l) box plots (center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5 × interquartile range). Statistical details are presented in Supplementary Table 1. Source data are provided as a Source data file.

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