Fig. 1: The Jovian cusp observation (Case 1) on June 27 and June 28, 2023.
From: In situ evidence of the magnetospheric cusp of Jupiter from Juno spacecraft measurements
a R-Theta-Phi magnetic field components in JSS (Jupiter-De-Spun-Sun) coordinate; b The total magnetic field strength; c The electron energy spectrogram; Ion Energy spectrogram for protons (d) and heavy ions (e), where heavy ions represent ions with m/q in the range of 5 and 6428; f Pitch angle distribution for electrons which is normalized at each time unit within energy ranges of 0.3 to 32 keV; g Plasma wave observations in the frequency range 50 to 300 Hz. The different regions that the spacecraft passes through are marked with different colors at the top and separated by dashed lines. “M” is the magnetosphere, “C” is the cusp, “BL” is the boundary layer. The red arrows and white dashed lines in panel (d) show the dispersion. The yellow arrows in panel (g) indicate the enhanced auroral hiss features. The blue dashed line demarcates the cusp into two regions, labeled as “a” and “b”, each characterized by different plasma properties. h Traced distribution of spacecraft footprints before and after cusp observation in left-handed system III coordinates. The blue regions are the main ovals, and the gray lines are the Juno footprint trajectories from 26 June to 28 June, 2023. Colored lines are the Juno footprint trajectories in cusps. i The position of the spacecraft around cusp observations in JSS coordinate, red lines representing the time interval of the cusp case.
