Fig. 3: Selected measurements of the single-channel mode.

a–c Experimental setup to verify the proposed DIM scheme. a The experiment configuration. b The measurement scene. c The photos of the fabricated PM. d–g The measured results of the single-channel DIM. d The phases and e magnitudes of the signals along \((\theta,\varphi )=(-19^{\circ},\, 0^{\circ} \, )\) for the 8PSK modulation. f The phases and g magnitudes of the signals along \((\theta,\varphi )=(21.5^{\circ},\, 0^{\circ} \, )\) for the 64QAM modulation.