Fig. 6: Electrochemical performances testing and cathode characterization of Na | |PB cells.

a Long-term cycling of different electrolytes at 4.7 V (PB loading: ~3 mAh cm−2). b Capacity-Voltage curves for corresponding WCIE. c Rate performances of different electrolytes at 4.7 V. d EIS curves for different electrolytes at 4.7 V after 50 cycles. e1, f1 Base, (e2, f2) LF, (e3, f3) WCIE of PB cathode at 4.7 V after 80 cycles SEM and HRTEM. XPS analysis (g) and Corresponding atomic concentration contents (h) of PB cathode after 80 cycles.