Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of the preparation and antitumor mechanism of VPCaNPs.

The preparation of VPCaNPs contains the top-down synthesis of VPQDs and the one-pot fabrication of VPCaNPs. The antitumor properties are based on the fate of VPCaNPs, including theĀ release of cargos, CaO2 decomposition, VP-catalyzed ROS generation, O2-mediated VP degradation, and calcifation.