Fig. 7: In vivo antitumor performance of nanosystems.

a Fluorescence images of main organs and tumors 24āh and 48āh post i.v. administration of cy5-VPCaNPs and (b) corresponding fluorescence intensity. Data are presented as the mean with SD (nā=ā3 independent mice). c, d Antitumor performance of saline, VPQDs, CaNPs, and VPCaNPs post i.v. treatments on subcutaneous xenograft breast cancer animals. Data are presented as the mean with SD (nā=ā7 biologically independent mice). Statistical differences were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA with Tukeyās multiple comparisons test. e TUNEL staining and (f) alizarin red staining tumors, and (g) H&E staining lungs of treated mice. The saline groups were control groups. Each experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results.