Fig. 2: The structure evolution and the enhancement mechanism of s-CE for GNS/HHs.
From: Shearo-caloric effect enhances elastocaloric responses in polymer composites for solid-state cooling
a Schematic diagram of composites undergoing deformation. States I and II represent the fundamental elastic element without nanofillers and with nanofillers, respectively. The red dashed line omits the connected repetitive elements. b TEM images of the ultrathin section specimen of 1GNS/HH. The darker area in the middle corresponds to the section of GNS. c Enlarged view of the boundary (middle region) between nanofiller (bottom region) and polymer matrix (top region) in (b). These three regions are divided by the black dotted lines. Amplitude image (d), phase image (e) of a selected area of 1GNS/HH and amplitude image (f), phase image (g) of a selected area of HH, measured by AFM. 2D WAXD images of HH (h) and 1GNS/HH (i) under P1 and P2. j Magnification image for 1GNS/HH under P2 with enhanced contrast. The white arrows point to the (002) crystal plane of GNS. k 1D WAXD profiles of GNS/HHs obtained by full-titled circular integration of the corresponding 2D WAXD patterns at P1 (ε = 0%). l Azimuthal integral of the corresponding 2D WAXD patterns of GNS/HHs at P2 (ε = 600%) obtained near q = 1.3 Å−1. The inset profile is a partially enlarged view of (l). The black dotted line indicates the position of half maximum. m The distribution of the end-to-end distance of GNS/HHs before and after elongation. The x and z axes represent the centroid coordinates of the molecular chains, and the color scale represents the end-to-end distance.
