Fig. 4: Decomposed contributions to changes in ocean stress.
From: Future sea ice weakening amplifies wind-driven trends in surface stress and Arctic Ocean spin-up
a Monthly trends from 2015 to 2100 in total area-integrated ocean surface stress in the NorESM2-MM model (Methods), showcasing the relative contributions of total ice-ocean stress (magenta bars) and atmosphere-ocean stress (teal bars). b Same as for a but for the total atmosphere-ocean stress decomposed into increasing wind contribution (light blue bars) and increasing open water area contribution (light green bars). c Same as for a but for the total internal stress. d Same as for a but for the total ice-ocean stress (magenta bars in a and b) decomposed into contributions from total atmosphere-ice stress (yellow bars) and contributions from internal stress (pink bars). The sign of the pink bars from c is flipped in d because a negative trend on a negative term results in a positive contribution to the ice-ocean stress. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
