Fig. 6: Integrated effect of sea ice on momentum transfer.
From: Future sea ice weakening amplifies wind-driven trends in surface stress and Arctic Ocean spin-up
Doughnut charts indicate the total dampening effect (energy loss) of ice on the transfer of atmosphere to ocean stress (Methods) during the current period (2015–2030) and projected future (2085–2100). Arrows show the climate change response, where negative values indicate a reduced dampening effect. CAMS-CSM1-0 was excluded from this analysis due to unavailable atmospheric data. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
