Fig. 2: Robotic laboratory for high-throughput synthesis and characterization.

a Digital representation of the automated platform for rapid sintering and free-space dielectric screening at GHz frequencies for solid-state ferroelectrics. The setup explores the relationship between sintering conditions and functional properties. b The robotic arm interacts with disc-shaped samples using a vacuum module mounted on the smart end effector, achieving a maximum transfer velocity of 1.5 m/s. c The robot used here is a 7-axis collaborative robotic arm-type (ABB single-arm YuMi), programmed based on C language.