Fig. 2: Iterative rounds of bio-panning enhance the discriminant capacity of the CAM selection platform.

a Conjugation frequency of pGenR in conjugation assays within liquid culture between recipient and donor displaying Ag1 or Control (without antigen displayed). The recipient culture expressing Nb1 was 10-, 100-, 1000-, and 10,000-fold diluted with the culture expressing non-matched null cells. b Schematic of three-round selection. For each round, donors (yellow) carry plasmids containing antibiotic-resistance genes against gentamicin (GenR), ampicillin (AmpR), or trimethoprim (TmpR) as distinct selection markers. The cartoon illustration on the right represents the progressive increase in the abundance of recipient cells displaying Nb1 (blue) in a mixed population with non-matched null cells (grey) during the selection process. c Conjugation frequency in two rounds of bio-panning. The initial population of recipient cells expressing Nb1 and null cells were mixed at a ratio of 1:10⁵. d Conjugation frequency in three rounds of bio-panning. The initial population of recipient cells expressing Nb1 and null cells were mixed at a ratio of 1:10⁷. Data are presented as means ± SD. n = 3 biological replicates with three technical replicates each. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between the indicated mean values (p < 0.05, two-tailed t-test). See also Supplementary Fig. 2. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.