Fig. 4: Output performance of the MO-TENG.

a, b The output of the MO-TENG under excitations with various swing angles and frequencies. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. c Peak power comparison of the MO-TENG and M-TENG. d Durability test of the MO-TENG. e SEM images of the unused PTFE ball, Nylon ball, and Cu (sub-graphs in the first row: 1, 3, 5) and the used ones after 10 days (sub-graphs in the second row: 2, 4, 6). f The resistance dependence of the peak and RMS power of the stacked 10 MO-TENG units excited by the swing platform and regular wave. g Circuit diagram of the PMM. h The resistance dependence of the RMS power of a single MO-TENG unit using and without using PMM. i Comparison of the capacitor (100 μF) charging speeds of the MO-TENG using and without using PMM. j The charging histories of stacked MO-TENGs (10 units) using PMM for different capacitors.