Fig. 1: TaPIR1 negatively regulates wheat resistance to Pst.

The second leaves of the seedlings of the TaPIR1 knockout plant (tapir1-AB) and Fielder were infected with Pst CYR31 and CYR34, respectively. a Pst uredinia on the second leaves of tapir1-AB and Fielder were observed at 14 dpi. b The Pst/wheat biomass ratio was measured at 120 hpi via qRT-PCR of DNA isolated from the same set of wheat plants, as shown in (a). The internal control genes TaEF and PstEF were used to normalize the DNA levels of wheat and Pst, respectively. Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD), n = 3 biologically independent samples. The P value was determined by a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. c Representative images were obtained from tapir1-AB and Fielder plants inoculated with Pst CYR34 at 24 hpi or 48 hpi using CellSens Entry software. IH infectious hyphae, SV substomatal vesicle, bar = 20 μm. d Hyphal length and infection areas on the same set of wheat plants, as shown in (c), were evaluated using CellSens Entry software. Means ± SD were calculated from 30 infection sites of three independent biological repeats. The P value was determined by a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. e Histological analysis of H₂O₂ accumulation in tapir1-AB and Fielder plants inoculated with Pst CYR34 at 24 hpi and 48 hpi. SV substomatal vesicle, IH infectious hyphae, bar = 20 μm. f H₂O₂ accumulation in the same wheat samples was assessed at 24 hpi and 48 hpi using CellSens Entry software as described above. Means ± SD were calculated from 30 infection sites of three independent biological repeats. The P value was determined by a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.