Fig. 2: Snapshots of different oscillation patterns in a 64 × 64 array of thermal neuristors.

In each panel, color indicates current level: white signifies no current, while shades of blue denote current spikes. The main panels show collective current-time plots for the first 1024 neuristors (concatenated from the first 16 rows), and each inset captures a specific moment in the 64 × 64 array. The system exhibits no activity at very low input voltages. As the voltage increases, a sequence of dynamic phases unfolds, including correlated clusters (10 V and 13.4 V), system-wide waves (10.4 V and 10.6 V), synchronized rigid states (12 V), and uncorrelated spikes (14 V), culminating again in inactivity at excessively high voltages. The thermal capacitance, C_th, is fixed at the experimentally estimated value. Detailed simulation parameters can be found in the methods section, and dynamic visualizations of these spiking patterns are available in Supplementary Movie 1.