Fig. 7: pH dependence of amino acid emission, comparison to model.
From: Nanopore ion sources deliver individual ions of amino acids and peptides directly into high vacuum

Summary of repeated measurements of the relative emission rates of histidine (circles, N = 8) and arginine (triangles, N = 3) compared to theoretical predictions (solid curve for arginine, dashed curve for histidine). The emission rate at the lower pH, vlow, is calculated using Eq. (3), and the emission rate at the higher pH is calculated using vlow/F, where F is the ratio of measured signal between low and high pH. The error bars represent standard error of the mean. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.