Fig. 3: Dynamic structure evolutions of lattice O and metal Mn sites.

a Dynamic evolutions of Mn valence state in NAP-XPS results, Olatt/(Sm+Mn) ratio and lattice oxygen (Olatt) content of Mn2O3/SmMn2O5 (Mn2O3/SMO) and SmMn2O5 (SMO) in NO oxidation; dynamic evolutions of covalency of the Mn-O bond and Mn 3d orbitals at the Mn sites of Mn2O3/SMO and SMO in NAP-XAS results of (b) AEY and (c) TEY modes. These error bars are mainly derived from fitting, reading, and random errors of experimental data.