Fig. 3: Optical waveguiding characteristics of straight and ferroelastic bent 1-Cl crystal waveguide.

a, b Confocal optical and FL microscope images (upon excitation with 405 nm laser) of a straight 1-Cl crystal optical waveguide (OW1), respectively. Scale bars are 360 µm. d, e Confocal optical and FL microscope images of a ferroelastic bent 1-Cl OW1, respectively. Scale bars are 360 µm. c, f FL spectra obtained as a function of the distance between illumination and collection point in the straight and ferroelastic bent OW1. g Optical loss measured for straight and ferroelastic bent OW1. h, i Top and tilted-view color-coded FESEM images of a bent 1-Cl OW1, respectively. Θ represents the change in the viewing angle between the top- and the tilted-views.