Fig. 4: Cs-HRTEM images of PEDOT:DS crystal.

Electron micrograph images at an early stage (after 30 s) of polymerization of a PEDOT:DS crystal grown on a holey carbon grid. The images were taken at (a) 50k ×, (b) 400k ×, and (c) 1.5 M × magnification, respectively. The a- and c-axes in the image in (d) denote the orientation of the PEDOT crystal. The image in the inset in (d) is a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the TEM image of the PEDOT:DS crystal. The residual astigmatism in (c) and (d) is a phenomenon that is commonly observed in an ultra-thin layer grown on a holey carbon grid38.