Fig. 9: RBSDV infection severely reduces the active gibberellins in the upper internodes and upper leaves of the two NILs, and a working model for the development of MRDD symptoms.

The relative expression of RBSDV S7-1 in the upper internodes (a) and upper leaves (c) of the two NILs at 60 dpi (n = 3). The contents of eight gibberellins in the upper internodes (b) and upper leaves (d) of the two NILs at 60 days after infestation with either RBSDV-carrying or RBSDV-free planthoppers (n = 3). In (a, c), data (mean ± s.e.m.) are presented with individual data points, as determined by a two-tailed Student’s t test. In (b, d), data represent the mean ± s.d. and different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) based on one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.