Fig. 2: Vertical composition of Pb − Sn alloyed single crystals. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Vertical composition of Pb − Sn alloyed single crystals.

From: Day-Night imaging without Infrared Cutfilter removal based on metal-gradient perovskite single crystal photodetector

Fig. 2: Vertical composition of Pb − Sn alloyed single crystals.

a Enlarged TOF-SIMS depth profiling of Sn and Pb ions for various Pb0.7Sn0.3 single crystals in the upper surface region. The sputter rate is set to ~8 nm/s. ToF-SIMS 3D tomography showing the distribution of Sn ions (b), Pb, FA, and Cs ions (c) for various Pb0.7Sn0.3 single crystals from the top surface to the 6 μm-deep inner bulk. Mid. is the abbreviation for middle. d XPS of Sn 3d core peaks performed on the top surface of Pb0.7Sn0.3 single crystals prepared under different surrounding atmospheres. e Ab initio energy diagram revealing the Pb−Sn alloying channels without (direct) and with O2-incorporation. Note that the relative saddle point depth is undefined. f Schematic illustration of the Sn enrichment process at the top surface when oxygen diffuse into the iodine vacancies.

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