Fig. 5: Stability mechanism investigation.

a ICP-OES of RuMo@MoOx-JH (green) and Mo@MoOx-JH (yellow) at 200 mA cm−2 in KOH containing the Mo dissolution concentration (up) and dissolution rate (down). b Mo vacancy formation energies (EV(Mo)) for Mo and RuMo NA. c Mo 3d and O 2p pDOS of RuMo@MoOx-JH and Mo@MoOx-JH. d COOP for the Mo-O bond in RuMo@MoOx-JH and Mo@MoOx-JH. e Schematic of the rise of the Mo d-band center in RuMo@MoOx-JH and Mo@MoOx-JH. Source data for Fig. 5 are provided as a Source Data file.