Fig. 1: Reaction scheme toward the formation of cyclo[12]carbon and cyclo[20]carbon.
From: On-surface synthesis and characterization of anti-aromatic cyclo[12]carbon and cyclo[20]carbon

a Reaction scheme for the formation of C12 (tetragon carbon ring of the precursor colored in blue). b Reaction scheme for the formation of C20 through transformation from hexagon-tetragon (6–4) carbon rings (colored in blue) to pentalene moiety (5–5) (colored in green) and followed by dehalogenation and ring-opening reactions.