Fig. 2: On-surface generated precursor, intermediates, and product (C12).
From: On-surface synthesis and characterization of anti-aromatic cyclo[12]carbon and cyclo[20]carbon

a I–a IV, b I–b IV, c I–c IV, d I–d IV Molecular structures, AFM images, AFM simulations, and Laplace-filtered AFM images of precursor, typical intermediates, and product. AFM simulations are based on gas-phase DFT-calculated geometries. The scale bar in (a II) applies to all images of precursor and intermediates, and the scale bar in (d II) applies to all images of product. All molecules in Fig. 2 were studied on a 3 monolayer (ML) NaCl/Au(111) surface. Reference set point of Δz for a II to d II: I = 0.4 pA, V = 0.3 V.