Fig. 2: Mathematical modeling of microbubble dynamics inside vessels and the mechanical forces exerted on the vessel wall. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Mathematical modeling of microbubble dynamics inside vessels and the mechanical forces exerted on the vessel wall.

From: Ultrasound frequency-controlled microbubble dynamics in brain vessels regulate the enrichment of inflammatory pathways in the blood-brain barrier

Fig. 2: Mathematical modeling of microbubble dynamics inside vessels and the mechanical forces exerted on the vessel wall.

Schematic created with BioRender.com. A Schematic illustration of microbubble oscillation that is excited with different ultrasound frequencies inside brain vessel. B Relative oscillation amplitude of lipid MB inside vessels of size 5–20 μm. Plots show means ± SEM (n = 4). C Normalized fluid vorticity inside vessels caused by microbubble oscillation excited at different frequencies inside vessels of size 5–20 μm. Plots show means ± SEM (n = 4). D Vessel wall shear stress exerted by microbubble oscillation inside vessels of size 5–20 μm during the expansion and contraction phase. Plots show means ± SEM (n = 4). E Sensitivity analysis of model parameters to the WSS inside vessels of size 5–20 μm. Plots show means ± SD (n = 4). F Microbubble dynamics of a single and two 2 μm Definity microbubble dynamics excited at 1.5 MHz inside a 10 μm vessel. G Vessel wall shear stress (WSS) exerted on the vessel wall by a single and two 2 μm Definity microbubble excited at 1.5 MHz inside a 10 μm vessel. H Microbubble dynamics of a single 2 μm Definity microbubble dynamics excited at 0.5 MHz and 1.5 MHz inside a 10 μm vessel. I Microbubble dynamics of two 2 μm Definity microbubble dynamics excited at 0.5 MHz and 1.5 MHz inside a 10 μm vessel.

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