Fig. 3: Impact of US frequency on the BBB permeability in the brains of healthy mice. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Impact of US frequency on the BBB permeability in the brains of healthy mice.

From: Ultrasound frequency-controlled microbubble dynamics in brain vessels regulate the enrichment of inflammatory pathways in the blood-brain barrier

Fig. 3: Impact of US frequency on the BBB permeability in the brains of healthy mice.

A Broadband emission (> 3 dB) probability during MB-FUS sonication using 150 kPa and 175 kPa pressure. B Spectrogram during sonication using 150 kPa and 175 kPa pressure. Harmonic levels increased significantly following microbubble arrival to the brain after a bolus injection at t = 10 s. Minimal broadband emission was observed. Color bar normalized acoustic emission. C Representative Ktrans color map for 0.5 MHz and 1.5 MHz frequency using 175 kPa. D Quantification of Ktrans for 0.5 MHz and 1.5 MHz frequency. Measurements were taken from each sonicated location. Plots show means ± SD (n = 4 for the 125 kPa group, n = 15 for the 125 kPa group, and n = 7 for the 175 kPa group). P-values were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and were adjusted using Bonferroni correction. n.s. no significance P > 0.05, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, **** P ≤ 0.0001. E Representative H&E staining images of the brain treated with 150 kPa and 175 kPa pressure. H&E staining was performed on three distinct samples for each experimental condition to confirm consistent results.

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