Fig. 4: RNA sequencing of endothelial cells (ECs) in mouse brain tissue.
A Schematic illustration of the timelines for different bioeffects of MB-FUS. Schematic created with BioRender.com. B Volcano plots show gene expression changes in ECs exposed to 1.5 MHz and 0.5 MHz at 8 and 24 h after MB-FUS with different ultrasound pressures. Note the fold change shows the changes in the expression of all analyzed transcripts when microbubbles are excited at 1.5 MHz as compared to 0.5 MHz. P-values were determined by two-tailed unpaired t tests. C Unbiased gene-set enrichment analyses of genes that are significantly upregulated after MB-FUS with 1.5 MHz and 0.5 MHz frequencies compared to non-FUS treated control at 150 kPa and 175 kPa. D Log2 fold change of the expression of selected transcripts after MB-FUS treatment compared to non-FUS treated group at 8 h post-treatment, with 150 kPa and 175 kPa ultrasound pressure. The selected transcripts are related to inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and vascular cell adhesion molecules. Measurements were taken from distinct samples. Plots show means ± SD (n = 6). P-values were determined by two-tailed unpaired t tests. †Show statistically significant difference between the MB-FUS treatment group (0.5 MHz and 1.5 MHz) and the non-FUS treated group at 8 h post-treatment. * Show statistically significant difference between 0.5 MHz and 1.5 MHz at 8 h post-treatment. n.s. no significance, P > 0.05, †P ≤ 0.05*, P ≤ 0.05. E Heatmap of the z score of genes sensitive to mechanical forces associated with leukocyte migration, and inflammatory responses.
