Fig. 4: Variations associated with bioclimatic variables.

a Locus associated with the max temperature of warmest month (BIO5) located in the intron and downstream of CY_hic_hap1_01Gene018743 on chromosome 19. d Locus associated with the precipitation of the driest month (BIO14) located downstream of CY_hic_hap1_01Gene048977 on chromosome 13. b, e Comparison of BIO5 (b) and BIO14 (e) values across different genotypes of moso bamboo accessions. The box plots show the medians (centerlines), interquartile ranges (boxes), and 1.5 times the interquartile ranges (whiskers). The BIO5 (b) n = 268 (0/1) and 159 (1/1), and BIO14 (e) n = 375 (0/1) and 50 (1/1). Statistical significance was determined using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, with P-values of 9.29e-10 < 0.001 (b) and 1.99e-27 < 0.001 (e). c, f Allele frequencies of candidate adaptive SNPs associated with BIO5 (c: chr19_24871064_SNP) and BIO14 (e: chr13_64739621_SNP). Circles indicate allele frequencies, with red representing the alternative allele and blue representing the reference allele in (c), while yellow represents the alternative allele and blue represents the reference allele in (f). The map colors reflect variations in the BIO5 (c) and BIO14 (f) values across the distribution range of the moso bamboo population.