Table 1 Parameters estimation derived from transmission model in four major urban agglomerations

Zhejiang

Ningbo

8 (4, 16)

0.0547 (0.0493, 0.0604)

1.4166 (1.2767, 1.5668)

5.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ (2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰, 2.3 × 10⁻⁸)

Wenzhou

732 (571, 1004)

0.0545 (0.0494, 0.0605)

1.4646 (1.327, 1.6244)

1.2 × 10⁻⁶ (7.6 × 10⁻⁷, 2.0 × 10⁻⁶)

Zhoushan

0 (0, 5)

0.049 (0.0435, 0.055)

1.1937 (1.0559, 1.344)

8.8 × 10⁻¹³ (7.8 × 10⁻¹³, 7.4 × 10⁻⁸)

Taizhou

21 (13, 38)

0.05 (0.0439, 0.0557)

1.2673 (1.1119, 1.4155)

3.2 × 10⁻⁹ (1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰, 3.6 × 10⁻⁸)

Fujian

Fuzhou

1859 (1504, 2386)

0.0658 (0.0606, 0.0723)

1.5634 (1.4384, 1.7184)

3.1 × 10⁻⁶ (2.1 × 10⁻⁶, 4.7 × 10⁻⁶)

Xiamen

92 (64, 141)

0.0668 (0.0607, 0.076)

1.4608 (1.3254, 1.6657)

1.2 × 10⁻⁷ (5.0 × 10⁻⁸, 3.1 × 10⁻⁷)

Putian

1297 (1017, 1685)

0.0683 (0.0615, 0.0749)

1.5144 (1.3595, 1.6634)

4.4 × 10⁻⁶ (2.7 × 10⁻⁶, 6.9 × 10⁻⁶)

Quanzhou

332 (254, 436)

0.0537 (0.0501, 0.061)

1.2133 (1.1293, 1.3795)

4.5 × 10⁻⁷ (2.6 × 10⁻⁷, 7.7 × 10⁻⁷)

Zhangzhou

341 (266, 485)

0.0645 (0.0592, 0.073)

1.4019 (1.2833, 1.5872)

6.4 × 10⁻⁷ (3.5 × 10⁻⁷, 1.1 × 10⁻⁶)

Ningde

193 (146, 279)

0.0504 (0.0455, 0.0565)

1.1199 (1.0087, 1.2567)

7.0 × 10⁻⁷ (3.1 × 10⁻⁷, 1.3 × 10⁻⁶)

Guangdong

Guangzhou

4755 (3901, 5918)

0.0805 (0.0742, 0.0869)

1.5803 (1.4568, 1.7082)

2.3 × 10⁻⁶ (1.7 × 10⁻⁶, 3.2 × 10⁻⁶)

Shenzhen

878 (696, 1180)

0.0735 (0.0659, 0.0822)

1.5146 (1.3564, 1.6958)

5.5 × 10⁻⁷ (3.5 × 10⁻⁷, 8.7 × 10⁻⁷)

Zhuhai

81 (63, 140)

0.0777 (0.0698, 0.0881)

1.5572 (1.3968, 1.7688)

1.2 × 10⁻⁷ (3.2 × 10⁻⁸, 4.5 × 10⁻⁷)

Foshan

1232 (1037, 1494)

0.0671 (0.0623, 0.0764)

1.2326 (1.1428, 1.404)

7.0 × 10⁻⁷ (4.7 × 10⁻⁷, 1.0 × 10⁻⁶)

Jiangmen

852 (670, 1053)

0.078 (0.0707, 0.0864)

1.5966 (1.4454, 1.7695)

1.6 × 10⁻⁶ (9.7 × 10⁻⁷, 2.5 × 10⁻⁶)

Zhaoqing

60 (42, 96)

0.0625 (0.0572, 0.0725)

1.2958 (1.184, 1.5066)

2.5 × 10⁻⁸ (5.1 × 10⁻⁹, 1.3 × 10⁻⁷)

Huizhou

215 (162, 274)

0.0661 (0.0591, 0.0739)

1.1991 (1.0706, 1.3426)

1.1 × 10⁻⁷ (4.8 × 10⁻⁸, 2.9 × 10⁻⁷)

Dongguan

488 (377, 579)

0.0683 (0.0621, 0.0773)

1.1563 (1.0512, 1.3107)

1.8 × 10⁻⁷ (9.3 × 10⁻⁸, 3.3 × 10^−7)

Zhongshan

778 (605, 1006)

0.0791 (0.0717, 0.0886)

1.5136 (1.3704, 1.6978)

1.4 × 10⁻⁶ (8.8 × 10⁻⁷, 2.1 × 10⁻⁶)

Guangxi

Fangchenggang

471 (344, 671)

0.0626 (0.0582, 0.0698)

1.998 (1.8548, 2.235)

6.6 × 10⁻⁶ (3.4 × 10⁻⁶, 1.2 × 10⁻⁵)

Baise

42 (24, 82)

0.0509 (0.046, 0.0572)

1.6587 (1.4964, 1.8639)

1.7 × 10⁻⁸ (2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰, 2.1 × 10⁻⁷)

Chongzuo

62 (40, 106)

0.0581 (0.0526, 0.066)

1.8751 (1.6947, 2.1354)

1.6 × 10⁻⁷ (2.7 × 10⁻⁸, 5.4 × 10⁻⁷)

Chongqing

Chongqing

4151 (3434, 4871)

0.0494 (0.0444, 0.0529)

1.3322 (1.1976, 1.4272)

2.0 × 10⁻⁶ (1.4 × 10⁻⁶, 2.6 × 10⁻⁶)

Yunnan

Baoshan

163 (101, 314)

0.0313 (0.0285, 0.0348)

1.7942 (1.6355, 1.988)

1.5 × 10⁻⁷ (2.3 × 10⁻⁹, 1.2 × 10⁻⁶)

Pu’er

901 (661, 1203)

0.0401 (0.0377, 0.0453)

2.3125 (2.1769, 2.6038)

3.3 × 10⁻⁶ (1.6 × 10⁻⁶, 6.7 × 10⁻⁶)

Lincang

1002 (763, 1399)

0.0415 (0.0381, 0.046)

2.4552 (2.2579, 2.7164)

7.0 × 10⁻⁶ (3.8 × 10⁻⁶, 1.2 × 10⁻⁵)

Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture

611 (472, 850)

0.0421 (0.0387, 0.0482)

2.4061 (2.2163, 2.7503)

1.7 × 10⁻⁶ (9.9 × 10⁻⁷, 3.2 × 10⁻⁶)

Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

34 (19, 63)

0.0348 (0.0316, 0.0395)

2.0064 (1.8242, 2.274)

1.8 × 10⁻⁸ (2.7 × 10⁻¹¹, 2.2 × 10⁻⁷)

Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture /Sipsongpanna

13753 (11240, 17205)

0.0502 (0.0469, 0.0558)

2.9377 (2.7562, 3.2702)

1.5 × 10⁻⁴ (1.0 × 10⁻⁴, 2.2 × 10⁻⁴)

Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture

4860 (3882, 6264)

0.0479 (0.0448, 0.0533)

2.8391 (2.6613, 3.1603)

5.8 × 10⁻⁵ (3.9 × 10⁻⁵, 8.9 × 10⁻⁵)

Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture

2 (0, 10)

0.0299 (0.0265, 0.0335)

1.7044 (1.5061, 1.9158)

4.1 × 10⁻¹² (3.6 × 10⁻¹², 3.0 × 10⁻⁷)