Fig. 5: Population dynamics of cages.

Drive heterozygous males were released each week (usually at two evenly spaced time points per week) into continuously maintained fly populations with overlapping generations. For the first 10 weeks, the release size was ~ 5 % of the total population per week. Starting from week 10 (marked by a vertical dashed line), the release size was increased to ~ 23% of the total population per week. a Population size of cages A and B together with the number of males released each week. After the weekly release size was increased, the population steadily declined. b Frequency of individual phenotypes in the cages based on a small weekly sample of flies. Masculine phenotype females include both sterile drive females and those with a nonfunctional resistance allele. c Female population size in cages. This data was in agreement with stochastic simulations of the cage population (yellow lines). d Frequency of drive individuals in cages A and B together with results from twenty simulations. Error bars show estimated standard error of the mean based on random phenotype samples. Source data are provided in Supplementary Data Sets 3–5.