Fig. 4: Metabolic effects of lower doses of different GLP1-based multi-agonists in PNA mice.

A–H Effects on body weight (A), body weight change (B), food intake (C), body composition (fat and lean mass change) (D), glucose (upper panel) and insulin tolerance (E), fasting glucose (F), serum insulin levels (G), and HOMA-IR index (H) in PNA female mice daily administered with vehicle (saline), GLP1/E (50 nmol/kg), GLP1/GIP (3 nmol/kg), GLP1/GIP/Glucagon triagonist (3 nmol/kg) or metformin (300 mg/kg) during 28 days. In order to assess integral glucose levels in the glucose tolerance test, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Group codes: Control + Veh (C); PNA + Veh (P’); PNA + GLP1/E (G/E); PNA + GLP1/GIP (G/G); PNA + Triagonist (T); PNA + Metformin (M). For each panel, sample sizes (n) were as follows: A: C = 11; P’ = 10; G/E = 10; G/G = 11; T = 10; M = 9; B: C = 11; P’ = 10; G/E = 9; G/G = 11; T = 10; M = 7; C: C = 10; P’ = 8; G/E = 8; G/G = 10; T = 6; M = 8; D: C = 10; P’ = 10; G/E = 8; G/G = 11; T = 10; M = 6; E: (GTT) C = 8; P’ = 8; G/E = 8; G/G = 8; T = 9; M = 8; (ITT) C = 10; P’ = 10; G/E = 10; G/G = 11; T = 10; M = 9; F: C = 10; P’ = 9; G/E = 8; G/G = 10; T = 10; M = 8; G: C = 8; P’ = 8; G/E = 10; G/G = 9; T = 8; M = 7; H: C = 7; P’ = 7; G/E = 8; G/G = 9; T = 8; M = 5. Statistically significant differences were assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests to analyze the effects of compound intervention vs. vehicle administration in PNA mice. For reference purposes, control non-androgenized mice are included (black bars and dashed lines). Asterisks indicate statistical significance *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Excel Data file (see Data availability).