Fig. 5: Metabolic effects of very low doses of GLP1/E in PWA mice.

A–H Effects on body weight (A), body weight change (B), food intake (C), body composition (fat and lean mass change) (D), glucose (upper panel) and insulin tolerance (E), fasting glucose (F), serum insulin levels (G), and HOMA-IR index (H) in PWA female mice daily administered with vehicle (saline) or GLP1/E (5, 10, and 25 nmol/kg) during 28 days. In order to assess integral glucose levels in the glucose tolerance test, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Group codes: Control + Veh (C); PWA + Veh (P); PWA + GLP1/E5 nmol/kg (G/E5); PWA + GLP1/E10 nmol/kg (G/E10); PWA + GLP1/E25 nmol/kg (G/E25). For each panel, sample sizes (n) were as follows: A: C = 10; P = 7; G/E5 = 8; G/E10 = 8; G/E25 = 10; B: C = 9; P = 7; G/E5 = 8; G/E10 = 8; G/E25 = 9; C: C = 6; P = 6; G/E5 = 6; G/E10 = 8; G/E25 = 8; D: C = 6; P = 7; G/E5 = 6; G/E10 = 7; G/E25 = 9; E: (GTT) C = 9; P = 8; G/E5 = 8; G/E10 = 9; G/E25 = 10; (ITT) C = 10; P = 8; G/E5 = 9; G/E10 = 8; G/E25 = 10; F: C = 10; P = 7; G/E5 = 8; G/E10 = 9; G/E25 = 10; G: C = 9; P = 7; G/E5 = 5; G/E10 = 7; G/E25 = 9; H: C = 9; P = 7; G/E5 = 4; G/E10 = 7; G/E25 = 9. Statistically significant differences were assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests to analyze the effects of compound intervention vs. vehicle administration in PWA mice. For reference purposes, control non-androgenized mice are included (black bars and dashed lines). Asterisks indicate statistical significance *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Excel Data file (see Data availability).