Fig. 5: Clinical tests with the pre-diagnostic platform.

A Schematic illustration depicting the collection and preparation of clinical samples. Created with BioRender.com. B Corrected spectral integral (SI) values determined for the control (gray bars) and sensor (blue bars: healthy samples, red bars: patient samples) channels in the flow cell. Total number of clinical samples, e.g., n (healthy) = 12 and n (patient) = 18. The figure inset shows the schematic illustration of the flow cell, where patient samples were flowed through the control (bare surface) and the sensor channels (surface coated with anti-pyrin antibody). In the figure, squares correspond to the mean spectral values for ten independent experiments, and the error bars represent double the standard deviation. C Normalized spectral integral values for healthy and patient samples. Blue and red boxes represent the spectral integral ranges for healthy and patient samples used in the system database. Inside the boxes, one blue dot (FMF−) and two red dots (FMF+) correspond to the clinical samples with successfully determined FMF status in single-blind tests. Welch’s t-test: p (Healthy vs. FMF+) = 5.12 × 10−¹⁴. D The two-dimensional spectral integral data determined before and after pyrin injection in the sensor region on the plasmonic chip, where an orthogonal LDA vector (black dashed line) separates the healthy (blue squares) and FMF+ subsets (red squares). E ROC analysis conducted between healthy and FMF+ samples, demonstrating and AUC of 1. As an additional note, both corrected and normalized spectral integral values were calculated via the division of two different spectral integral values, making them unitless parameters. F Comparison between normalized spectral integral values determined from the plasmonic pre-diagnostic technology and the optical density values determined from ELISA. In the figure, blue (healthy) and red lines (FMF+) account for the linear regressions fitted to the experimental data (black squares). Pearson’s correlation coefficient: r (healthy) = 0.9561 (blue line) and r(FMF+)  = 0.9593 (red line).