Fig. 3: MDM2 silencing inhibits glycolysis and inflammatory response in M1 macrophages via suppression of HIF-1α activation.

a–f BMDM were transfected with siMdm2 or siScramble, followed by stimulation with LPS and IFNγ in the presence or absence of CoCl2 for 20 h. a Nuclear HIF-1α transcription activity. n = 4. b Glycolytic proton efflux rate (GlycoPER) measured by Seahorse XF analyzer as described in Fig. 2. n = 4. P values of siScramble-LPS + IFNγ vs siMdm2-LPS + IFNγ are under the curves while siMdm2-LPS + IFNγ vs siMdm2-CoCl2+LPS + IFNγ are above and highlighted in yellow. c QPCR analysis of the glycolytic genes normalized with β-actin. n = 4. d Lactate, e MCP-1 and f IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant. n = 4. g QPCR analysis of the pro-inflammatory genes normalized with β-actin. n = 4. h Total nitrate and nitrite in the cell culture supernatant. n = 4. Data are displayed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was examined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test. N number represents the number of biological replicates. ND Not detected, NS Not significant.