Fig. 3: Morphological evolution of nano bowls with variable surface concavity.

Using different analysis and characterization methods, including (i) geometric illustration of surface invaginated structures, (ii) cryo-TEM, (iii) high-contrast TEM, (iv) electron-beam intensity profile analysis to individual assemblies, (v) tapping-mode AFM height images, and (vi) cross-sectional height analysis, to show the shape transformation of PEO₄₅-b-P(Cy₇₃-co-TPE₃₄) assemblies under various pH conditions. a LCSs (pH = 8.3). b s-NBs (pH = 7.6). c m-NBs (pH = 6.8). d d-NBs (pH = 5.5). All the polymer concentrations were at 1.0 mg/mL. The scale bar in series (ii) and (iii) is 200 nm, and in series (v) is 500 nm.