Table 1 Spectroscopic data of the BODIPY oligomers collected in different solvents

From: Lowering of the singlet-triplet energy gap via intramolecular exciton-exciton coupling

Compound	Solvent	ε (M⁻¹cm⁻¹) at λ_Abs max	λ_Abs max (nm)	λ_Em max (nm)	Ф_Em	τ_Em (ns)	τ_T1 (μs)	Ф_ISC
Monomer	Toluene		509	518	0.80^a	5.29^c	-	-
	DCM	88,000	506	516/622	0.05^a,f	5.17^c,d/4.99^c	165 ^g	0.9 ^h
	ACN		503	512/660	0.02^a,f	5.90^c,d/3.11^c	142 ^g	0.92
Dimer	Toluene		545	584	0.70^b	3.05^e	-	-
	DCM	130,000	542	584	0.54^b	3.68^e	418	0.17
	ACN		537	580	0.01^b	0.51^e	447	0.14
Trimer	Toluene		573	607	0.72^b	2.29^e	-	-
	DCM	145,000	569	606	0.62^b	2.65^e	425	0.1
	ACN		563	600	0.05^b	0.57^e	-	-
Tetramer	Toluene		586	617	0.55^b	1.90^e	-	-
	DCM	180,000	583	614	0.45^b	2.09^e	105	0.07
	ACN		576	611	0.07^b	0.66^e	100	0.08

The probing wavelength for emission decays was close to the emission maximum, and for transient absorption the maximum of the ground state bleach. Note that as the S₁ and CS states in some cases are connected in a dynamic equilibrium, it is not possible to calculate the radiative rate constant of fluorescence from the yield of fluorescence and the fluorescence lifetime.
^aFluorescein in 0.1 M NaOH (Φ_f = 0.91)⁵⁷ was used as reference compound for the fluorescence quantum yield determination (excitation at 491 nm, refractive index: 1.33).
^bThe monomer was used as reference compound for the fluorescence quantum yield determination (excitation at 375 nm) (Refractive index: DCM: 1.413; Toluene: 1.497; ACN: 1.344).
^cFluorescence lifetime was measured upon excitation at 510 nm.
^dA second decay was observed which was under-resolved by our instrumentation (Supplementary Fig. 26).
^eEmission lifetime was measured upon excitation at 375 or 377 nm.
^fThe CS emission was fitted to a Gaussian function (on the energy scale) and subtracted from the total emission to extract the BODIPY fluorescence quantum yield contribution to 0.02 and 0.01 in DCM and ACN, respectively. These values were used in the temperature dependent study and compared to simulations.
^gTriplet lifetime obtained using Eq. 2 due to triplet-triplet annihilation affecting the observed triplet kinetics (see “Methods” for more information).
^hThe literature value was used²⁴, and this compound also served as reference in the measurements.

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Table 1 Spectroscopic data of the BODIPY oligomers collected in different solvents

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