Fig. 2: Multiple regression analyses with gender, age, education, science knowledge, environmental identity, New Ecological Paradigm, political orientation and conspiracy mentality predicting agreement with contrarian claims (Study 1).

Data are presented as standardised regression coefficients β with their 95% confidence intervals. Tests were two-sided and no adjustments for multiple comparisons were made (α = 0.05). Gender was coded −1 male and +1 female, so positive coefficients represent higher scores for females (vs. males). Participants not identifying as male or female were not included in these analyses. United States: N = 989, United Kingdom: N = 996, Australia N = 998. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.