Fig. 1: Hurdles and technological barriers for CM commercialization.

a Product development pathways for CM showing the technological, financial, consumer, and regulatory gaps that need to be addressed for successful CM commercialization. b Schematic overview of the work process in relation to the product development pathways for CM. First, creation of a one-step differentiation protocol without the use of antibiotics and then the establishment of static and dynamic primary bASC spheroids. This is followed by the characterization, bioprinting and fatty acid analysis of the spheroids.