Fig. 1: Design schematic diagram of biohybrid flapping-wing robot system.
From: Avian-inspired embodied perception in biohybrid flapping-wing robotics

a Analogous to avian sensors, flexible smart materials can respond to vibrations, pressure, and other stimuli. Inspired by avian tactile and kinesthetic perception systems, we propose a feather-smart material biohybrid mechanoreceptor, achieving recognition of the environment and motion through artificial intelligence algorithms. b Biohybrid flapping-wing robots (FWR) composed of biomaterials, smart materials and structures with embodied perception of body posture, wind speed, wing morphology, and embodied energy design.